The author of this article raises the important issue of demographics in the context of the publication of the latest IPCC report: “It is now a certainty that the human influence on climate change is indisputable. Not only the measures taken within the framework of the IPCC recommendations, but also all the measures envisaged at national or international climate conferences will be in vain if we don’t urgently tackle the demographic issue to achieve a chosen demographic decline that is as equitable as possible.”